Version 4

* removed CarboPlatform sketch
* added further citations
* Ben is co-author

MuMi_AT__MappingGuide__EN.qmd

@@ -93,40 +93,40 @@ This area has the lowest priority and should be mapped depending on possibilitie
 On the map sheets mentioned above, the study area is located in the Wildseeloder unit $\subset$ Grauwackenzone $\subset$ Upper Austroalpine. Small-scale contacts with the Glemmtal unit -- also graywacke zone -- and the Northern Calcareous Alps $\subset$ Upper Austroalpine occur.\
 
 This traditional nomenclature of geological units no longer corresponds to the current state of knowledge. According to modern tectonic nomenclature, the area under investigation is part of the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe, which is assigned to the Tyrolian-Noric nappe system [@Schmid2004; @Heinisch2015; @Huet2019].\
-An overview tectonic map of the Eastern Alps is given in @fig-TectUnitsofEasternAlps_afterSchmid and @fig-EAlpsTectUnits shows a schematic diagram of the major tectonic units of the Eastern Alps and the incorporation of the Tyrolian-Noric nappe system into these units. The palaeogeographic position of the Austroalpine from Cambrian to Devonian is outlined in @fig-PagGeo__AA__RockyAT.\
+An overview tectonic map of the Eastern Alps is given in @fig-TectUnitsofEasternAlps_afterSchmid and @fig-EAlpsTectUnits shows a schematic diagram of the major tectonic units of the Eastern Alps and the incorporation of the Tyrolian-Noric nappe system into these units [@schuster2013easternAlps; @Schuster2022]. The palaeogeographic position of the Austroalpine from Cambrian to Devonian is outlined in @fig-PagGeo__AA__RockyAT.\
 The lithostratigraphic division of Paleozoic rocks within the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe [@Huet2019; @Huet2022] was based on the explanations of GK 122 Kitzbühl [@Heinisch2015]. Four complexes are distinguished, which correspond to Variscan tectonic units. From the footwall to the hanging wall, these are the following lithodemic units: Uttendorf complex, Glemmtal complex, Hochhörndler complex and Wildseeloder complex. These are unconformably overlain by Permomesozoic lithostratigraphic units.
 
-The metamorphic history of the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe is poorly studied. In general, it is assumed that there is an increase in the degree of metamorphism from north to south [e.g. @SchlaegelBlaut1990; @Heinisch2015; @Rantitsch2009]. In general maximum greenschist facies pressure-temperature conditions can be assumed for the study area: Approximately in the range of \SIrange{350}{400}{\celsius} and pressures greater than \SI{3}{\kilo\bar} and less than \SIrange{4.5}{8}{\kilo\bar} [@SchlaegelBlaut1990; and references therein].
+The metamorphic history of the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe is poorly studied. In general, it is assumed that there is an increase in the degree of metamorphism from north to south [e.g. @SchlaegelBlaut1990; @Heinisch2015; @Rantitsch2009]. In general maximum greenschist facies pressure-temperature conditions can be assumed for the study area: Approximately in the range of \SIrange{350}{400}{\celsius} and pressures greater than \SI{3}{\kilo\bar} and less than \SIrange{4.5}{8}{\kilo\bar} [@SchlaegelBlaut1990 and references therein].
-In detail, however, it seems difficult to assign the deformations and metamorphism to the Variscan or the Eoalpid event [@Huet2019].\
+In detail, however, it seems difficult to assign the deformations and metamorphism to the Variscan or the Eoalpin event [@Huet2019].\
-Based on data from illite crystallinity, the degree of graphitization, the presence of chloritoid and the Conodont Alteration Index (CAI), metamorphism in the (lower) greenschist facies is assumed to have occurred during the (Cretaceous) Eoalpidian event. \isotope[40]{Ar}/\isotope[39]{Ar} ages, from white mica fine fractions, in the \SIrange{115}{95}{\Ma} range indicate cooling of the rocks of the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe and their exhumation during this event [@Schuster_etal_2004; @Heinisch2015; and references therein]. This metamorphism was again weakly overprinted by advective heat transport and circulating fluids during the course of the Alpine orogeny, in the Oligocene to Miocene [@Rantitsch2009].
+Based on data from illite crystallinity, the degree of graphitization, the presence of chloritoid and the Conodont Alteration Index (CAI), metamorphism in the (lower) greenschist facies is assumed to have occurred during the (Cretaceous) Eoalpidian event. \isotope[40]{Ar}/\isotope[39]{Ar} ages, from white mica fine fractions, in the \SIrange{115}{95}{\Ma} range indicate cooling of the rocks of the Staufen-Höllengebirge nappe and their exhumation during this event [@Schuster_etal_2004; @Heinisch2015 and references therein]. This metamorphism was again weakly overprinted by advective heat transport and circulating fluids during the course of the Alpine orogeny, in the Oligocene to Miocene [@Rantitsch2009].
 Variscan metamorphism is not documented in the study area; however, weak (lowermost greenschist facies) prealpine deformation and metamorphism is assumed [@Heinisch2015].
 This is consistent with \isotope[40]{Ar}/\isotope[39]{Ar} dating [@Panwitz2006] of detrital muscovites indicating Neoproterozoic ages (in the range \SIrange{600}{800}{\Ma}). The closure temperature of muscovite in the \ce{Ar}/\ce{Ar} system, \SI{390 \pm 50}{\celsius} [@Schaen2020], has thus not been (significantly) exceeded since that time.
 
 ## Note {.unnumbered .unlisted}
-Regarding the terms "Greywacke Zone" and "Northern Calcareous Alps", it should be mentioned that these historical terms date from a time before today's understanding of the tectonic nappe structure of the Alps [@Schuster2015]. One can probably understand these terms as geological units - in the sense that they refer to rocks characteristic for them. However, they are not tectonic or lithostratigraphic units in the strict sense [@Huet2019].\
+Regarding the terms "Greywacke Zone" and "Northern Calcareous Alps", it should be mentioned that these historical terms date from a time before today's understanding of the tectonic nappe structure of the Alps [@Schuster2015]. One can probably understand these terms as geological units in the sense that they refer to rocks characteristic for them. However, they are not tectonic or lithostratigraphic units in the strict sense [@Huet2019].\
 The term graywacke zone describes a geographic unit [@Schuster2015] which represents an east-west oriented strip of Paleozoic rocks. This is several hundreds of kilometers long, extends roughly from Schwaz in Tyrol to Lower Austria at the margin of the Vienna Basin, and has a maximum width of about \SI{25}{\km} [@Heinisch2015]. Based on the spatial allocation, the Western and Eastern Grauwackenzone can be distinguished.\
-Thus, the term graywacke zone - and the accompanying subgroups such as northern, southern, western and eastern - should be seen as an informal term without stratigraphic and tectonic implications.
+Thus, the term graywacke zone -- and the accompanying subgroups such as northern, southern, western and eastern -- should be seen as an informal term without stratigraphic and tectonic implications.
 
 
-![Tectonic map of the eastern Alps and the northern foreland, nomenclature after @Schmid2004, Modified after @Schuster2022. Numbers reference to tectonic units in @fig-EAlpsTectUnits.\
+![Tectonic map of the eastern Alps and the northern foreland, nomenclature after @Schmid2004, Modified after @schuster2013easternAlps and @Schuster2022. Numbers reference to tectonic units in @fig-EAlpsTectUnits.\
 SEMP: Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg-, M: Mölltal-, PA: Periadriatic fault system](Figs/Schuster_Stuewe__2022__Fig_4.pdf){#fig-TectUnitsofEasternAlps_afterSchmid}
 
-![Schematic diagram of the major tectonic units of the Eastern Alps, after @Schuster2022. Highlighted is the Tyrolian-Noric nappe system in which the mapping area is located.\
+![Schematic diagram of the major tectonic units of the Eastern Alps, after @schuster2013easternAlps and @Schuster2022. Highlighted is the Tyrolian-Noric nappe system in which the mapping area is located.\
 - Left: Degree of metamorphism during the Eoalpine (Cretaceous) and Alpine (Cenozoic) events and the time of peak metamorphism;\
 - Middle: Major lithologic content of tectonic units, red numbers indicate time of emplacement in Alpine orogen wedge, numbers in colored boxes reference tectonic units on map in @fig-TectUnitsofEasternAlps_afterSchmid;\.
 - Right: tectonic and lithostratigraphic units.\
 T: Triassic, J: Jurassic, C: Cretaceous, Pa: Paleogene.
 ](Figs/Schuster_Stuewe__2022__Fig_5.pdf){#fig-EAlpsTectUnits}
 
-![Palaeogeographic position of the Austroalpine (red ellipse) from Cambrian to Devonian. Pieces of crust split off at the northern edge of Gondwana and drift north towards Laurentia or Baltica. From an initial position near the South Pole it drifts to a position near the equator with changed climatic conditions. From [@schuster2013rocky]](Figs/AA_PalGeoEvolution.pdf){#fig-PagGeo__AA__RockyAT}
+![Palaeogeographic position of the Austroalpine (red ellipse) from Cambrian to Devonian. Pieces of crust split off at the northern edge of Gondwana and drift north towards Laurentia or Baltica. From an initial position near the South Pole it drifts to a position near the equator with changed climatic conditions. From @schuster2013rocky](Figs/AA_PalGeoEvolution.pdf){#fig-PagGeo__AA__RockyAT}
 
 
 # Rock types and lithological units  {#sec-lithoContents}
-Lithologically particularly relevant for the investigations here is the Wildseeloder complex, which is made up of Middle Ordovician metaignimbrite (Blasseneck porphyroid), Upper Devonian siliciclastics and various Silurian to Upper Devonian carbonate rocks (including the Spielberg dolomite group) [@Heinisch2015; @Huet2019].\
+Lithologically particularly relevant for the investigations here is the Wildseeloder complex, which is made up of Middle Ordovician metaignimbrite (Blasseneck porphyroid), Upper Devonian siliciclastics and various Silurian to Upper Devonian carbonate rocks -- including the Spielberg dolomite group [@Heinisch2015; @Huet2019].\
 Rocks of the Glemmtal complex and the Hochhörndler complex can occur primarily on the southern edges of the areas to be examined. The Glemmtal complex comprises mostly Early Paleozoic to Lower Carboniferous mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate with a turbiditic origin with subordinate inclusions of Ordovician and Devonian metabasites and also locally occurrences of Blasseneck porphyroid and carbonate rocks [@Huet2019]. The Hochhörndler complex consists of a siliciclastic matrix with isolated carbonate and magmatic elements from the Wildseeloder complex and the Glemmtal complex and it probably represents a sequence with olistoliths and/or a tectonic zone [@Huet2019]. Hence, rock types of the neighboring complexes are present in the Hochhörndler complex as reworked components.
 
 In the map sheets, only the Wildseeloder and Glemmtal complexes are distinguished. These represent different facies with their specific lithologies. The Hochhörndler complex is implicitly to be understood as a "transition zone" -- in which the lithologies of the other two complexes are mixed.\
-For practical fieldwork, the rocks can be assigned to the complexes as follows (oral comm. Benjamin Huet):
+For practical fieldwork, the rocks can be assigned to the complexes as follows:
 
 Wildseeloder Complex
 : Thick carbonates and metaignimbrite, almost no basites, almost no pelites
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ More recent investigations which include U-Pb dating from zircons and studies on
 ## Spielberg dolomite group
 This group forms the host rock of some deposits such as siderite, baryte, fahlore and - here of particular importance - magnesite.\
 These dolomites represent the most important summits in the study area and form a coherent mountain range from the Kitzbühlerhorn via the Wildseeloder, the Spielbergerhorn to the Inschlagalpe. The type locality of these dolomites, the Spielbergerhorn [@Hubmann2014], is one of the study area boundaries (Region 2, @fig-mappingAreasOverview and @fig-mappingAreasOverview_GK).\
-This rock group is interpreted as a Silurian-Devonian carbonate platform [@Blatt2013] - which is now dolomitized. An age classification based on macrofossil remains, albeit sparse and weakly metamorphic, of corals, crinoids, and occasional conodonts indicates a Lower to Upper Devonian age [@Heinisch2015; and references there].\
+This rock group is interpreted as a Silurian-Devonian carbonate platform [@Blatt2013] - which is now dolomitized. An age classification based on macrofossil remains, albeit sparse and weakly metamorphic, of corals, crinoids, and occasional conodonts indicates a Lower to Upper Devonian age [@Heinisch2015 and references there].\
 The typical formation of a carbonate platform with reef complexes and a lagoon can be inferred from the rock and the fossil remains. The transition to the mainland can be seen from the inputs of clayey-sandy clastics, influences of which can be found in the upper part. The different facies manifest themselves in different forms in the dolomite rock. According to @Heinisch2015, a distinction can be made between:
 
 "Massenfazies" -- massive dolomite
@@ -169,10 +169,11 @@ Sedimentary structures are occasionally preserved as laminites seen as remnants
 "Dolomit-Sandstein-Folge"
 : Banked dolomites alternate with quartz sandstone banks and clay slates. Quartz clasts have also been found within the dolomites. Together with the "Flaserdolomit", this sequence is interpreted as a terrigenous sedimentary input from an adjacent continent. In terms of facies, these two dolomites could represent the transition from the lagoon facies to the beach area.
 
-Overall, the Spielberg dolomite group represents a shallow water facies close to the coast on the northern edge of Gondwana [e.g. @Blatt2013; @Heinisch2015; and references there]. A sketch of such a possible deposition space is given in @fig-rimmedCarbonatplattform platform.
+Overall, the Spielberg dolomite group represents a shallow water facies close to the coast on the northern edge of Gondwana [e.g. @Blatt2013; @Heinisch2015 and references there]. For sketches and more information about such a possible deposition space, see e.g. @Nichols2009,  @Boggs2009, @McCann2015 or [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_platform).
 
+<!-- 
 ![Sketch of a carbonate platform as the possible environment from which the Spielberg dolomite group emerged. Different areas or facies can be identified and dolomites from this group are assigned to them. From [@Boggs2009]](Figs/RimmedPlatform__Boggs__2009__Fig__9_39){width=90% #fig-rimmedCarbonatplattform}
-
+ -->
 
 ### Südfazies {#sec-suedfaz}
 A term that appears in the (older) literature is the so-called "Südfazies", which goes back to @Mavridis1969. He divides the carbonate rocks, in the area between Wörgl in the west and Bischofshofen in the east [@Haditsch1970], into two facies for the first time: the "northern facies" and the "southern facies". These two facies were describes as both lithologically and stratigraphically distinct and separated by a somewhat west-east oriented fault. @Mostler1970 also saw a "dolomite barrier" between the northern Spielberg dolomite and the Südfazies. The term Spielberg dolomite was introduced for the northern facies and its stratigraphic range was defined as Emsian to Eifelian (upper Lower Devonian to lower Middle Devonian). The southern facies has been defined as an association of distinct dolomites (stratigraphically ranging from footwall to hanging wall): black dolomite, light gray dolomite and red "Flaserdolomit", and light to dark gray coarse sparry dolomite. The stratigraphic range of these dolomites extends from the Younger Silurian (Ludlow) to the Upper Devonian [@Mavridis1969].\
@@ -367,4 +368,4 @@ Magnesite is not shown as a distinctive rock unit on the geological maps. Due to
 ::: {#refs}
 :::
 
-\includepdf{Figs/ChronostratChart2023-04}
+\includepdf{Figs/ChronostratChart2023-09}

_quarto.yml

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ author:
   - name: Johann Raith
     affiliations:
       - Montanuniversität Leoben
+  - name: Benjamin Huet
+    affiliation:
+      - ref: gsa
   - name: Holger Paulick
     affiliation:
       - ref: gsa
-  # - name: Ben Huet
-  #   affiliation:
-  #     - ref: gsa
 
 date: today
 

_variables.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-VERSION: 3
+VERSION: 4

bibAndCite/references.bib

@@ -557,4 +557,24 @@
   url       = {https://opac.geologie.ac.at/ais312/dokumente/BR0099_121_A.pdf},
 }
 
+@Book{Nichols2009,
+  author    = {Nichols, Gary},
+  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
+  title     = {Sedimentology and stratigraphy},
+  year      = {2009},
+  address   = {Chichester [u.a.]},
+  edition   = {Second},
+  isbn      = {9781405193795},
+  pagetotal = {419},
+  ppn_gvk   = {1602390606},
+}
+
+@Book{McCann2015,
+  author    = {Tom McCann and Mario Valdivia Manchego},
+  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
+  title     = {{{Geologie im Gelände}}},
+  year      = {2015},
+  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-8274-2383-2},
+}
+
 @Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}